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13.7. Relasi Pertukaran (Exchange): Dalam lingkup Sosial-Kekerabatan, Ekonomi, Politik dan Religi Pada Orang Kayo Pulau dan Kelompok Etnis Lainnya di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua
Hanro Yonathan Lekitoo (Universitas Cenderawasih)
Abstract
When Indonesia entered reformation in 1998, a lot of claims of rights are made by the natives that consisted of the rights of land, forest, and mines that created horizontal conflicts between the people. In Papua (The Province of Papua and West Papua), claims of the Papua natives of their customary rights and the sayings “to be the lord in our own land” has brought the society to politics of identity that leads to the dichotomy of land owners and non-land owners; natives and migrants. In the beginning of 2000, a number of houses and lands belonging to non-Papua migrants were sold at a low price because the owners left Papua in fear of being thrown out by the natives. That year, the issue of the independence of Papua was strong and there were concerns about the Papua tribes that have high temperament and often spontaneously exhibit resentment towards their target. Historically, the social construction of the tribes in Papua were based on gift exchange, as Mauss said on his book The Gift. We can also see from what Simmel (1971) said that social relations can occur in five forms; (1) exchange, (2) conflict, (3) domination, (4) prostitution, and (5) sociability. In this study, the Kayo Pulau tribe will be a window that can portray the gift exchange.
Keywords: natives, migrants, gift exchange, domination.
